[Position statement for improvement in reperfusion of ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Latin America]. / Documento de posición para la mejora en la reperfusión del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del ST en Latinoamérica.

The treatment of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction has barriers depending on the geographic region. Primary coronary angioplasty is the treatment of choice, if it is performed on time and by experienced operators. However, when it is not available, the administration of fibrinolysis and referral for rescue angioplasty, in case of negative reperfusion, is the best strategy. In the same way, coronary angioplasty, as part of a pharmacoinvasive strategy, is the best alternative when there is positive reperfusion. The development of infarct treatment networks increases the number of patients reperfused within the recommended times and improves outcomes. In Latin America, national myocardial infarction treatment programs should focus on improving outcomes, and long-term success depends on working toward defined goals and enhancing functionality, therefore programs should develop capacity to measure their performance. The following document discusses all of these alternatives and suggests opportunities for improvement.

El tratamiento del infarto agudo de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST tiene barreras dependiendo de la región geográfica. La angioplastia coronaria primaria es el tratamiento de elección, siempre y cuando sea realizada dentro de tiempo y por operadores experimentados. Sin embargo, cuando no está disponible, la administración de fibrinólisis y el envío para angioplastia de rescate, en caso de reperfusión negativa, es la mejor estrategia. De la misma manera, la angioplastia coronaria, como parte de una estrategia farmacoinvasiva, es la mejor alternativa cuando hay reperfusión positiva. El desarrollo de redes de tratamiento del infarto aumenta el número de pacientes reperfundidos dentro de los tiempos recomendados y mejora los desenlaces. En América Latina, los programas nacionales para el tratamiento del infarto deben centrarse en mejorar los resultados y el éxito a largo plazo depende de trabajar hacia objetivos definidos y obtener métricas de rendimiento, por lo tanto, estos deben desarrollar métricas para cuantificar su desempeño. El siguiente documento discute todas estas alternativas y sugiere oportunidades de mejora.

Acute myocardial infarction with right bundle branch block at presentation: Prevalence and mortality.

AIMS: Right Bundle Branch Block (RBBB) has been reported in 5-11% of the acute myocardial infarctions (AMI), and it could be the only electrocardiographic abnormality in this group of patients. We investigated the mortality in patients with AMI and the presence of RBBB. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted between January 2011 to December 2017 at a university hospital in Bogotá, Colombia. Records were obtained from all patients who presented at the emergency department with AMI; patients with early transfer and incomplete follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: 1015 patients were included, the mean age was 66 years, 67% of the patients were men, and 38% had STEMI. RBBB was documented in 8% of patients and LBBB in 4% of patients. In-hospital mortality was higher in the group of patients with RBBB vs. patients without RBBB (8.64% vs. 3.74%, p = 0.034). The percentage of patients with Killip ≥II classification was higher in patients with new RBBB vs. patients with old or unknown duration RBBB (23% vs. 13%, p = 0.216). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with AMI, the presence of RBBB was associated with a statistically significant increase of in-hospital mortality.

Cardiomiopatía periparto / Peripartum cardiomyopathy

Resumen La cardiomiopatía periparto es una causa poco común de la insuficiencia cardiaca aguda por la disfunción sistólica ventricular izquierda en las mujeres que se encuentran en el tercer trimestre del embarazo o durante los meses siguientes al puerperio. Se expone el caso de una paciente de 37 años de edad primigestante con fertilización in vitro que ingresa con cuadro clínico de preeclampsia severa y estado fetal insatisfactorio, llevada a cesárea de emergencia, presentando posteriormente clínica de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda calientehúmeda. Se presenta una revisión de la literatura de esta patología con el diagnóstico, las manifestaciones clínicas, el tratamiento y el pronóstico.

Abstract Peripartum cardiomyopathy is a rare cause for acute heart failure caused by left ventricular systolic dysfunction in women in their third trimester of pregnancy or during the months of the postpartum period. The case of a 37 year-old primiparous patient with in vitro fertilisation is presented; she was admitted with symptoms of severe preeclampsia and fetal distress, hence she was taken for emergency c-section, later showing symptoms of hot-humid acute heart failure. A literature review of this condition with the diagnosis, clinical manifestations, treatment and prognosis is presented.

Enfoque semiológico de las palpitaciones / Semiologic approach to palpitations

Las palpitaciones son un síntoma frecuente en la consulta y son utilizadas por los pacientes para referirse a la conciencia de los latidos cardíacos. Sus causas incluyen patología cardíaca y no cardíaca, por lo que es importante determinar las características de las palpitaciones, los factores de riesgo y las circunstancias en que se presentaron para orientar el diagnóstico.

Palpitations are a common symptom, used to refer to the awareness of the patient's heartbeat. Its causes include cardiac diseases and non-cardiac pathology. It is important to determine its characteristics, risk factors and circumstances when palpitations develop to guide the diagnosis.